There are constraints on transferring ideas and evidence to successful policy adoption. The policy agenda is likely influenced by the privileged position of tobacco in Indonesia as a socially acceptable product with high consumption. There is an imbalance of power and influence between well entrenched and resourced tobacco industry networks compared to relatively young and less established tobacco control networks. There are contrasting frames of tobacco as a strategic economic asset and tobacco control as a sovereignty threat. The low bargaining position and lack of respect for the Ministry of Health also contributes. The multistage delay of tobacco policy adoption is principally due to political structures and policy hierarchy, complex bureaucracy, unclear roles and responsibilities, and a high degree of corruption. We conducted a thematic analysis based on five core causal factors for policy adoption: institutions, networks, socio-economic factors, agendas and ideas. The interviews were conducted either in English or Bahasa Indonesia, recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Our interview guideline included questions on the current tobacco control situation in Indonesia and explored reasons why tobacco control is progressing so slowly.
We conducted qualitative interviews with four international and ten national TCEs, who have been active in tobacco control for at least 5 years. Our study evaluates factors that contribute to the slow progress of tobacco policy change in Indonesia from the perspective of tobacco control experts (TCEs). Indonesian tobacco control is progressing but lags behind other countries.
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